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  1. Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a serious health concern worldwide. Despite advances in diagnosis and treatment, about 15 to 30% of stage II CRC patients subjected to tumor resection with curative intent, deve...

    Authors: Sara Ribeirinho-Soares, Diana Pádua, Ana Luísa Amaral, Elvia Valentini, Daniela Azevedo, Cristiana Marques, Rita Barros, Filipa Macedo, Patrícia Mesquita and Raquel Almeida

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:359

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  2. The expression of immune checkpoint receptors (ICRs) on tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) is associated with better response to immunotherapies via immune checkpoint inhibitors. Therefore, we investigated ...

    Authors: Neslihan Cabioglu, Semen Onder, Gizem Oner, Hüseyin Karatay, Mustafa Tukenmez, Mahmut Muslumanoglu, Abdullah İgci, Yeşim Eralp, Adnan Aydiner, Pınar Saip, Ekrem Yavuz and Vahit Ozmen

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:357

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  3. The long non-coding (lnc) RNA activated by small nucleolar RNA host gene 16 (SNHG16), which has been reported to play a vital role in a number of different types of cancer, is a novel lncRNA. However, followin...

    Authors: Xiao Xiao, Ge Jiang, Shengtao Zhang, Shuo Hu, Yunshan Fan, Gang Li, Haiyang Yu and Shisheng He

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:355

    Content type: Research article

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  4. Patients with metastatic colorectal cancer are treated with cytotoxic chemotherapy supplemented by molecularly targeted therapies. There is a critical need to define biomarkers that can optimise the use of the...

    Authors: Reem D. Mahmood, Danielle Shaw, Tine Descamps, Cong Zhou, Robert D. Morgan, Saifee Mullamitha, Mark Saunders, Nerissa Mescallado, Alison Backen, Karen Morris, Ross A. Little, Susan Cheung, Yvonne Watson, James P. B. O’Connor, Alan Jackson, Geoff J. M. Parker…

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:354

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  5. Numerous studies have reported the correlation between AXIN2 polymorphism and cancer risk, but the results seem not consistent. In order to get an overall, accurate and updated results about AXIN2 polymorphism an...

    Authors: Xi Li, Yiming Li, Guodong Liu and Wei Wu

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:353

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  6. Lung cancer survivors need more options to improve quality of life (QoL). It is unclear to what extent patients with advanced stage disease are willing to participate in home-based physical activity (PA) and i...

    Authors: Brett C. Bade, Geliang Gan, Fangyong Li, Lingeng Lu, Lynn Tanoue, Gerard A. Silvestri and Melinda L. Irwin

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:352

    Content type: Research article

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  7. Nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (NLPHL) is an uncommon variant of Hodgkin lymphoma. There is limited data on treatment, management of refractory and relapsed disease, and long-term outcome. Man...

    Authors: Saad Akhtar, M. Shahzad Rauf, Yasser Khafaga, Amani Al-Kofide, Tusneem Ahmed M. Elhassan, Mahmoud A. Elshenawy, Juzer Nadri, Ali Hassan Mushtaq, Nasir Bakshi, Mohammed Shamayel, Suleiman Al-Sweedan, Sohail Sarwar and Irfan Maghfoor

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:351

    Content type: Research article

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  8. The World Health Organisation (WHO) calls for the elimination of cervical cancer (CC) as a public health issue. To achieve elimination, efforts must be aligned and accelerated. Women living with HIV (WLWH) hav...

    Authors: Anna Tisler, Sven Erik Ojavee, Piret Veerus, Pilleriin Soodla and Anneli Uusküla

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:350

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  9. Immunotherapy has been recently established as a new direction for the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC), a gastrointestinal cancer. In this investigation, we aimed to expound how the posttranscriptional re...

    Authors: Shiquan Li, Guoqiang Yan, Meng Yue and Lei Wang

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:349

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  10. Angiogenesis assessment is important for personalized therapeutic intervention in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study investigated whether radiologic parameters obtained by dynamic con...

    Authors: Yu-Sen Huang, Jenny Ling-Yu Chen, Hsin-Ming Chen, Li-Hao Yeh, Jin-Yuan Shih, Ruoh-Fang Yen and Yeun-Chung Chang

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:348

    Content type: Research article

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  11. The survival rate after childhood cancer has improved to 80%. The majority of childhood cancer survivors (CCS) will experience late complications which require follow up care, including access to their individ...

    Authors: Helena M. Linge and Cecilia Follin

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:347

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  12. Despite the wide-spread use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in cancer chemotherapy, reports on patients developing acquired resistance (AR) to ICI therapy are scarce. Therefore, we first investigated th...

    Authors: Kazutaka Hosoya, Daichi Fujimoto, Takeshi Morimoto, Toru Kumagai, Akihiro Tamiya, Yoshihiko Taniguchi, Toshihide Yokoyama, Tadashi Ishida, Hirotaka Matsumoto, Katsuya Hirano, Ryota Kominami, Keisuke Tomii, Hidekazu Suzuki, Tomonori Hirashima, Satoshi Tanaka, Junji Uchida…

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:346

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  13. The essence of energy metabolism has spread to the field of esophageal cancer (ESC) cells. Herein, we tried to develop a prognostic prediction model for patients with ESC based on the expression profiles of en...

    Authors: Weifeng Zheng, Chaoying Chen, Jianghao Yu, Chengfeng Jin and Tiemei Han

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:345

    Content type: Research article

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  15. Selection of high-risk subjects for endoscopic screening of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) lacks individual predictive tools based on environmental risk factors.

    Authors: Xiaorong Yang, Chen Suo, Tongchao Zhang, Xiaolin Yin, Jinyu Man, Ziyu Yuan, Hui Chen, Jingru Yu, Li Jin, Xingdong Chen, Ming Lu and Weimin Ye

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:343

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  16. The geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI), originally developed as a nutritional assessment tool to evaluate mortality and morbidity in older hospitalized patients (i.e., those aged ≥65 years), is regarded a...

    Authors: Teruhisa Sakamoto, Takuki Yagyu, Ei Uchinaka, Kozo Miyatani, Takehiko Hanaki, Kyoichi Kihara, Tomoyuki Matsunaga, Manabu Yamamoto, Naruo Tokuyasu, Soichiro Honjo and Yoshiyuki Fujiwara

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:342

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  17. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of recombinant human serum albumin /granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rHSA/G-CSF) in breast cancer following receipt of cytotoxic agents.

    Authors: Shanshan Chen, Yiqun Han, Quchang Ouyang, Jianguo Lu, Qingyuan Zhang, Shun’e Yang, Jingfen Wang, Haixin Huang, Hong Liu, Zhimin Shao, Hui Li, Zhendong Chen, Sanyuan Sun, Cuizhi Geng, Junguo Lu, Jianwei Sun…

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:341

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  18. Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a highly proliferative, rapidly growing tumor with a poor prognosis, even in cases of limited disease (LD). Timely and accurate high-intensity therapy is necessary. For concurr...

    Authors: Seo Ree Kim, Ji Hyung Hong, Soo-Yoon Sung, Yeo Hyung Kim, Sang Hoon Chun, Hyun Woo Lee, Jung Soo Lee and Yoon Ho Ko

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:340

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  19. Despite advances in treatment, multiple myeloma (MM) remains incurable and results in significant morbidity and mortality. Further research investigating where MM patients die and characterization of end-of-li...

    Authors: Saqib Abbasi, John Roller, Al-Ola Abdallah, Leyla Shune, Brian McClune, Douglas Sborov and Ghulam Rehman Mohyuddin

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:339

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  20. The present study aimed to assess the lower invasiveness of robot-assisted transmediastinal radical esophagectomy by prospectively comparing this procedure with transthoracic esophagectomy in terms of perioper...

    Authors: Shuntaro Yoshimura, Kazuhiko Mori, Motonari Ri, Susumu Aikou, Koichi Yagi, Yukinori Yamagata, Masato Nishida, Hiroharu Yamashita, Sachiyo Nomura and Yasuyuki Seto

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:338

    Content type: Research article

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  21. Complete surgical remission (CSR) is the best predictor of overall survival (OS) for patients with metastatic osteosarcoma. However, metastasectomy has not been widely implemented in China in the last decade d...

    Authors: Lu Xie, Jie Xu, Xiaowei Li, Zuli Zhou, Hongqing Zhuang, Xin Sun, Kuisheng Liu, Xingyu Liu, Kunkun Sun, Yiming Wu, Jin Gu and Wei Guo

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:337

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  22. Pazopanib, a multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is recommended as the standard treatment for refractory soft tissue sarcoma (STS). However, there are comparatively few molecular determinants for predicti...

    Authors: Sang Kyum Kim, Jee Hung Kim, Seung Hyun Kim, Young Han Lee, Jung Woo Han, Wooyeol Baek, Ha Young Woo, Min Kyung Jeon and Hyo Song Kim

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:336

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  24. Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNETs) are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms with malignant behaviors that can develop from inert slow growth or low malignancy to aggressive metastasis during follow-up. Rec...

    Authors: Bo Zhou, Jie Xiang, Ming Jin, Xiang Zheng, Guogang Li and Sheng Yan

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:334

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  25. Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women and the first cancer concerning mortality. Metastatic breast cancer remains a disease with a poor prognosis and about 30% of women diagnosed with an early stage...

    Authors: Mathilde Colombié, Pascal Jézéquel, Mathieu Rubeaux, Jean-Sébastien Frenel, Frédéric Bigot, Valérie Seegers and Mario Campone

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:333

    Content type: Study protocol

    Published on:

  26. Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the uterine cervix (SCNEC) is a rare cancer involving the human papilloma virus (HPV), and has few available treatments. The present work aimed to assess the feasibility ...

    Authors: Shi-Wen Zhang, Rong-Zhen Luo, Xiao-Ying Sun, Xia Yang, Hai-Xia Yang, Si-Ping Xiong and Li-Li Liu

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:332

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

    The Correction to this article has been published in BMC Cancer 2021 21:416

  27. The mortality rate of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains high worldwide despite surgery and chemotherapy. Immunotherapy is a promising treatment for the rapidly expanding HCC spectrum. Therefore, it is nec...

    Authors: Weike Gao, Luan Li, Xinyin Han, Siyao Liu, Chengzhen Li, Guanying Yu, Lei Zhang, Dongsheng Zhang, Caiyun Liu, Erhong Meng, Shuai Hong, Dongliang Wang, Peiming Guo and Guangjun Shi

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:331

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  28. This study aimed to investigate skin condition, quality of life, and psychological impact of breast cancer patients after radiation therapy. We designed and administered a questionnaire to breast cancer surviv...

    Authors: Chin-Nan Chu, Kai-Chieh Hu, Rick Sai-Chuen Wu and Da-Tian Bau

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:330

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  29. Breast cancer is one of the main malignant tumors that threaten the lives of women, which has received more and more clinical attention worldwide. There are increasing evidences showing that the immune micro-e...

    Authors: Lin Chen, Yuxiang Dong, Yitong Pan, Yuhan Zhang, Ping Liu, Junyi Wang, Chen Chen, Jianing Lu, Yun Yu and Rong Deng

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:329

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  30. Immigrants make up an important share of European populations which has led to a growing interest in research on migrants’ health. Many studies have assessed migrants’ cancer mortality patterns, yet few have s...

    Authors: Katrien Vanthomme, Michael Rosskamp, Harlinde De Schutter and Hadewijch Vandenheede

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:328

    Content type: Research article

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  31. To compare the prognostic value of 7th and 8th editions of the Union for International Cancer Control/American Joint Committee on Cancer (UICC/AJCC) staging system for patients with nonmetastatic nasopharyngea...

    Authors: Tao He, Ruo-Nan Yan, Hua-Ying Chen, Yuan-Yuan Zeng, Zhong-Zheng Xiang, Fang Liu, Bian-Fei Shao, Jia-Chun Ma, Xi-Ran Wang and Lei Liu

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:327

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  32. ABL-class and JAK-STAT signaling pathway activating alterations have been associated with both a poor post-induction minimal residual disease (MRD) response and an inferior outcome in B-cell acute lymphoblasti...

    Authors: Rimvydas Norvilas, Vaidas Dirse, Ruta Semaskeviciene, Orinta Mickeviciute, Egle Gineikiene, Mindaugas Stoskus, Goda Vaitkeviciene, Jelena Rascon and Laimonas Griskevicius

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:326

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  33. Since the results of the ToGA trial were published, trastuzumab-based chemotherapy has been used as the standard first-line treatment for HER2-positive recurrent or primary metastatic gastric cancer (RPMGC). H...

    Authors: Tae-Hwan Kim, Hun Do Cho, Yong Won Choi, Hyun Woo Lee, Seok Yun Kang, Geum Sook Jeong, Jin-Hyuk Choi, Mi Sun Ahn and Seung-Soo Sheen

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:325

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  35. The introduction of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) blockers (i.e. nivolumab and pembrolizumab) has significantly improved the prognosis of patients with advanced melanoma. However, the long treatment d...

    Authors: E. E. A. P. Mulder, K. de Joode, S. Litière, A. J. ten Tije, K. P. M. Suijkerbuijk, M. J. Boers-Sonderen, G. A. P. Hospers, J. W. B. de Groot, A. J. M. van den Eertwegh, M. J. B. Aarts, D. Piersma, R. S. van Rijn, E. Kapiteijn, G. Vreugdenhil, F. W. P. J. van den Berkmortel, E. Oomen-de Hoop…

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:323

    Content type: Study protocol

    Published on:

  36. Ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) is a special pathological type of epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC). We conducted this research to investigate the clinical characteristics and outcomes of OCCC and to prov...

    Authors: Chenchen Zhu, Jing Zhu, Lili Qian, Hanyuan Liu, Zhen Shen, Dabao Wu, Weidong Zhao, Weihua Xiao and Ying Zhou

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:322

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  37. We prepared an anti-p21Ras scFv which could specifically bind with mutant and wild-type p21Ras. However, it cannot penetrate the cell membrane, which prevents it from binding to p21Ras in the cytoplasm. Here, ...

    Authors: Chen-Chen Huang, Fang-Rui Liu, Qiang Feng, Xin-Yan Pan, Shu-Ling Song and Ju-Lun Yang

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:321

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

    The Correction to this article has been published in BMC Cancer 2021 21:361

  38. Recent studies have suggested the important roles of CD47 and tumor-associated macrophages in the prognosis and immunotherapy of various human malignancies. However, the clinical significance of CD47 expressio...

    Authors: Rami Imam, Qing Chang, Margaret Black, Caroline Yu and Wenqing Cao

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:320

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  39. The impact of microsatellite status on lymph node (LN) yield during lymphadenectomy and pathological examination has never been assessed in gastric cancer (GC). In this study, we aimed to appraise the associat...

    Authors: Zhenghao Cai, Haiqin Song, Abe Fingerhut, Jing Sun, Junjun Ma, Luyang Zhang, Shuchun Li, Chaoran Yu, Minhua Zheng and Lu Zang

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:319

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  40. Icaritin, an active ingredient of the Chinese herb Epimedium, plays an anti-tumor role in liver cancer by inhibiting the proliferation of hepatocellular cells and promoting their apoptosis. In China, phase II ...

    Authors: Hui Li, Yujuan Liu, Wei Jiang, Junhui Xue, Yuning Cheng, Jiyin Wang, Ruixiang Yang and Xiaowei Zhang

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:318

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  41. Positron-emission tomography (PET) is widely used to detect malignancies, but consensus on its prognostic value in oropharyngeal cancer has not been established. The purpose of this study was to analyze the PE...

    Authors: Kyu Hye Choi, Jin Ho Song, Eun Young Park, Ji Hyun Hong, Ie Ryung Yoo, Youn Soo Lee, Dong-Il Sun, Min-Sik Kim and Yeon-Sil Kim

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:317

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  43. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are actively secreted by cells into body fluids and contain nucleic acids of the cells they originate from. The goal of this study was to detect circulating tumor-derived EVs (ctEV...

    Authors: Silvia R. Vitale, Jean A. Helmijr, Marjolein Gerritsen, Hicret Coban, Lisanne F. van Dessel, Nick Beije, Michelle van der Vlugt-Daane, Paolo Vigneri, Anieta M. Sieuwerts, Natasja Dits, Martin E. van Royen, Guido Jenster, Stefan Sleijfer, Martijn Lolkema, John W. M. Martens and Maurice P. H. M. Jansen

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:315

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  44. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have become standard treatment in different tumor entities. However, safe treatment with ICI targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis requires early detection of immune-related adverse ...

    Authors: Luisa Maria Griewing, Claudia Schweizer, Philipp Schubert, Sandra Rutzner, Markus Eckstein, Benjamin Frey, Marlen Haderlein, Thomas Weissmann, Sabine Semrau, Antoniu-Oreste Gostian, Sarina K. Müller, Maximilian Traxdorf, Heinrich Iro, Jian-Guo Zhou, Udo S. Gaipl, Rainer Fietkau…

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:314

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  45. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is widely used and has proven benefits for women with menopausal symptoms. An increasing number of women with cancer experience menopausal symptoms but the safety of HRT use i...

    Authors: Úna McMenamin, Blánaid Hicks, Carmel Hughes, Peter Murchie, Julia Hippisley-Cox, Tom Ranger, Carol Coupland and Chris Cardwell

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:313

    Content type: Study protocol

    Published on:

  46. Breast cancer (BC) presents important physical and psychological challenges that should be appropriately addressed through continuous, integrated and individualized rehabilitation programs after treatment. In ...

    Authors: Chiara Falcicchio, Domenico Di Lallo, Alessandra Fabi, Alessandro Bonucci, Maria Perrone, Andrea Pace, Ambra Corti, Luca Giacomelli and Patrizia Pugliese

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:311

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  47. Chromosomal inversions involving anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) and echinoderm microtubule associated protein like 4 (EML4) generate a fusion protein EML4-ALK in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The understa...

    Authors: Akihiko Miyanaga, Masaru Matsumoto, Jessica A. Beck, Izumi Horikawa, Takahiro Oike, Hirokazu Okayama, Hiromi Tanaka, Sandra S. Burkett, Ana I. Robles, Mohammed Khan, Delphine Lissa, Masahiro Seike, Akihiko Gemma, Hiroyuki Mano and Curtis C. Harris

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:310

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  48. Crizotinib is the approved treatment for advanced non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) fusion. Failure of crizotinib treatment frequently involves drug intolerance or resist...

    Authors: Chih-Hsi Scott Kuo, Pi-Hung Tung, Allen Chung-Cheng Huang, Chin-Chou Wang, John Wen-Cheng Chang, Chien-Ying Liu, Fu-Tsai Chung, Yueh-Fu Fang, Yi-Ke Guo and Cheng-Ta Yang

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:309

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  49. The COVID-19 pandemic has forced many cancer services to consider a transition to a remote format of delivery that is largely untested. Accordingly, we sought to perform a systematic review of the effects of r...

    Authors: Saïd Ibeggazene, Rebecca Turner, Derek Rosario and Liam Bourke

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:308

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  50. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most frequent primary invasive cancer of the liver. During the last decade, the epidemiology of HCC has been continuously changing in developed countries, due to more effe...

    Authors: Walter Mazzucco, Francesco Vitale, Sergio Mazzola, Rosalba Amodio, Maurizio Zarcone, Davide Alba, Claudia Marotta, Rosanna Cusimano and Claudia Allemani

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:307

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

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