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  1. Pancreatic peritoneal carcinomatosis (PPC), with the worst median overall-survival (mOS), epitomizes the incurability of metastatic cancer. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) underpin this incurability. However, inhibit...

    Authors: Christopher M. Gromisch, Glaiza L. A. Tan, Khristine Amber Pasion, Ann-Marie Moran, Matthew S. Gromisch, Mark W. Grinstaff, Francis J. Carr, Victoria L. M. Herrera and Nelson Ruiz-Opazo

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:407

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  2. The majority of people with cancer have at least one other chronic health condition. With each additional chronic disease, the complexity of their care increases, as does the potential for negative outcomes in...

    Authors: Anna Péfoyo Koné and Deborah Scharf

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:406

    Content type: Research article

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  3. Patients with polymetastatic cancer are most often treated with systemic therapy to improve overall survival and/or delay progression, with palliative radiotherapy reserved for sites of symptomatic disease. St...

    Authors: Glenn S. Bauman, Mark T. Corkum, Hatim Fakir, Timothy K. Nguyen and David A. Palma

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:405

    Content type: Study protocol

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  4. Triazole, polyene, and echinocandin antifungal agents are extensively used to treat invasive fungal infections (IFIs); however, the optimal prophylaxis option is not clear. This study aimed to determine the op...

    Authors: Huilan Zeng, Zhuman Wu, Bing Yu, Bo Wang, Chengnian Wu, Jie Wu, Jing Lai, Xiaoyan Gao and Jie Chen

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:404

    Content type: Research article

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  5. Clinically, there are no clear guidelines on the extent of lymphadenectomy in patients with T1 esophageal cancer. Studying the minimum number of lymph nodes for resection may increase cancer-specific survival.

    Authors: Yang Wang, Xiangwei Zhang, Xiufeng Zhang, Jing Liu-Helmersson, Lin Zhang, Wen Xiao, Yuanzhu Jiang, Keke Liu and Shaowei Sang

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:403

    Content type: Research article

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  6. This research describes the clinical pathway and characteristics of two cohorts of patients. The first cohort consists of patients with a confirmed diagnosis of lung cancer while the second consists of patient...

    Authors: Yichen Zhang, Michael J. Simoff, David Ost, Oliver J. Wagner, James Lavin, Beth Nauman, Mei-Chin Hsieh, Xiao-Cheng Wu, Brian Pettiford and Lizheng Shi

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:402

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  8. Bronchoscopy is a common procedure used for evaluation of suspicious lung nodules, but the low diagnostic sensitivity of bronchoscopy often results in inconclusive results and delays in treatment. Percepta Gen...

    Authors: Marla K. Johnson, Shuyang Wu, Daniel G. Pankratz, Grazyna Fedorowicz, Jessica Anderson, Jie Ding, Mei Wong, Manqiu Cao, Joshua Babiarz, Lori Lofaro, P. Sean Walsh, Giulia C. Kennedy and Jing Huang

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:400

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  9. The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the survival outcomes of pembrolizumab (PEM) plus enzalutamide (ENZ) versus PEM alone in selected populations of men with previously untreated metastatic...

    Authors: Huanyi Lin, Qilong Liu, Xianshang Zeng, Weiguang Yu and Guixing Xu

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:399

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  10. Soft-tissue sarcomas (STS) are rare tumors of the soft tissue. Recent diagnostic studies on STS mainly dealt with only few cases of STS and did not investigate the post-therapeutic performance of MRI in a rout...

    Authors: Sam Sedaghat, Maya Sedaghat, Jens Meschede, Olav Jansen and Marcus Both

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:398

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  11. This study explores and analyzes the clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of hepatoblastoma (HB) in children under 6 years old and establishes a new risk-stratification system for individualized the...

    Authors: Tian Zhi, Wei-Ling Zhang, Yi Zhang, Hui-Min Hu, Yi-Zhuo Wang and Dong-Sheng Huang

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:397

    Content type: Research article

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  12. Kaempferol, a natural flavonoid, exhibits anticancer properties by scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, increasing evidence has demonstrated that, under certain conditions, kaempferol can inhibit...

    Authors: Fengjiao Wang, Lai Wang, Chao Qu, Lianyu Chen, Yawen Geng, Chienshan Cheng, Shulin Yu, Dan Wang, Lina Yang, Zhiqiang Meng and Zhen Chen

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:396

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  13. Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common cancer worldwide, associated with a high rate of morbidity and mortality. However, the target genes of miR-221-3p and the underlying mecha...

    Authors: Ziyan Zhou, Wenling Wu, Jixi Li, Chang Liu, Zixi Xiao, Qinqiao Lai, Rongxing Qin, Mingjun Shen, Shuo Shi and Min Kang

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:395

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  14. RNA-seq data are increasingly used to derive prognostic signatures for cancer outcome prediction. A limitation of current predictors is their reliance on reference gene annotations, which amounts to ignoring l...

    Authors: Ha T.N. Nguyen, Haoliang Xue, Virginie Firlej, Yann Ponty, Melina Gallopin and Daniel Gautheret

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:394

    Content type: Research article

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  15. Majority of neuroblastoma patients develop metastatic disease at diagnosis and their prognosis is poor with current therapeutic approach. Major challenges are how to tackle the mechanisms responsible for tumor...

    Authors: Jiao-Le Yu, Shing Chan, Marcus Kwong-Lam Fung and Godfrey Chi-Fung Chan

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:393

    Content type: Research article

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  16. The 37 kDa/67 kDa laminin receptor (LRP/LR) is involved in several tumourigenic-promoting processes including cellular viability maintenance and apoptotic evasion. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the...

    Authors: Leila Vania, Gavin Morris, Eloise Ferreira and Stefan F. T. Weiss

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:392

    Content type: Research article

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  17. Astrocytoma is a common type of central nervous system tumor. In this study, we investigated the correlation between ST6GAL1 and CYP19A1 polymorphisms and the risk and prognosis of astrocytoma.

    Authors: Tuo Wang, Yao Sun, Zichao Xiong, Jiamin Wu, Xiaoying Ding, Xiaoye Guo and Yuan Shao

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:391

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  18. Definitive diagnosis of peripheral pulmonary lesions (PPLs) depends on the histological analysis of the pleural biopsy sample. Ultrasound (US)-guided sampling is now standard practice in the clinical setting. ...

    Authors: Weijun Huang, Jieyi Ye, Yide Qiu, Weiwei Peng, Ninghui Lan, Weizhen Cui, Ting Huang, Yinghui Ou and Yingjia Li

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:390

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  20. Synonymous mutations do not change the protein sequences. Automatically, they have been regarded as neutral events and are ignored in the mutation-based cancer studies. However, synonymous mutations will chang...

    Authors: Qun Li, Jian Li, Chun-peng Yu, Shuai Chang, Ling-ling Xie and Song Wang

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:388

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  21. Cancer patients with brain metastases (BMs) require multidisciplinary care, and treatment facility may play a role. This study aimed to investigate the impact of receiving treatment at academic centers on the ...

    Authors: Saber Amin, Michael Baine, Jane Meza and Chi Lin

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:387

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  22. Gliomas are often associated with symptoms including seizures. Most patients with high-grade gliomas are treated with radiotherapy or radio-chemotherapy. Since irradiation causes inflammation, it may initially...

    Authors: Dirk Rades, Jaspar Witteler, Denise Olbrich, Peter Trillenberg, Steven E. Schild, Soeren Tvilsted and Troels W. Kjaer

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:386

    Content type: Study protocol

    Published on:

  23. Herein, we investigate the relationship between pancreatic stem cell markers (PCSC markers), CD44, and epithelial-specific antigen (ESA), tumor stroma, and the impact on recurrence outcomes in pancreatic ducta...

    Authors: Gokce Askan, Ibrahim Halil. Sahin, Joanne F. Chou, Aslihan Yavas, Marinela Capanu, Christine A. Iacobuzio-Donahue, Olca Basturk and Eileen M. O’Reilly

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:385

    Content type: Research article

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  24. The dose perturbation effect of immobilization devices is often overlooked in intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for breast cancer (BC). This retrospective study assessed the dosimetric effects of su...

    Authors: Ran Lv, Guangyi Yang, Yongzhi Huang and Yanhong Wang

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:384

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  26. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a leading causes of cancer mortality worldwide. Currently, laparoscopic pancreatic resection (LPR) is extensively applied to treat benign and low-grade diseases relat...

    Authors: Ke Chen, Yu Pan, Chao-jie Huang, Qi-long Chen, Ren-chao Zhang, Miao-zun Zhang, Guan-yu Wang, Xian-fa Wang, Yi-ping Mou and Jia-fei Yan

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:382

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  27. The role of glycolysis in tumorigenesis has received increasing attention and multiple glycolysis-related genes (GRGs) have been proven to be associated with tumor metastasis. Hence, we aimed to construct a pr...

    Authors: Qianwei Xing, Tengyue Zeng, Shouyong Liu, Hong Cheng, Limin Ma and Yi Wang

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:381

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  28. Identifying gene mutation signatures will enable a better understanding for the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer (CRC), and provide some potential biomarkers for clinical practice. Currently, ho...

    Authors: Yan Zhuang, Hailong Wang, Da Jiang, Ying Li, Lixia Feng, Caijuan Tian, Mingyu Pu, Xiaowei Wang, Jiangyan Zhang, Yuanjing Hu and Pengfei Liu

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:380

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  29. Immunotherapy is a vital component in cancer treatment. However, due to the complex genetic bases of cancer, a clear prediction index for efficacy has not been established. Tumor mutation burden (TMB) is one o...

    Authors: Liwei Wang, Fu Chen, Rui Liu, Lei Shi, Guosheng Zhao and Zhengjian Yan

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:379

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  30. Despite improvements in median survival some patients with advanced ovarian cancer die within 100 days of diagnosis; the reasons for which remain poorly understood.

    Authors: Amy Hawarden, Bryn Russell, Mary Ellen Gee, Fatima Skayali, Andrew Clamp, Emma Jayne Crosbie and Richard John Edmondson

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:378

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  31. Epiplakin1 (Eppk1) is part of epidermal growth factor (EGF) signal and takes part in reorganization of cytoskeleton and cell proliferation. However, the role of Eppk1 in cervical cancer (CC) remains unknown.

    Authors: Dong Ma, Zhe Pan, Quan Chang, Jin-jin Zhang, Xiao Liu, Na Hua and Guo-Hua Li

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:377

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  32. Studies suggest that mutations in the CTNNB1 gene are predictive of response to immunotherapy, an emerging therapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Analysis of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) offers the...

    Authors: Stine Karlsen Oversoe, Michelle Simone Clement, Britta Weber, Henning Grønbæk, Stephen Jacques Hamilton-Dutoit, Boe Sandahl Sorensen and Jens Kelsen

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:376

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  33. Pulmonary metastasectomy (PM) is an established treatment for selected patients with metastatic sarcomas. The aim of this study was to examine our institutional experience and evaluate factors predicting outcome.

    Authors: Theresa Stork, Rebecca Boemans, Jendrik Hardes, Arne Streitbürger, Uta Dirksen, Christoph Pöttgen, Hans-Ulrich Schildhaus, Sebastian Bauer, Stéphane Collaud and Clemens Aigner

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:375

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  35. Successful breast cancer screening relies on timely follow-up of abnormal mammograms. Delayed or failure to follow-up abnormal mammograms undermines the potential benefits of screening and is associated with p...

    Authors: Jeanette C. Reece, Eleanor F. G. Neal, Peter Nguyen, Jennifer G. McIntosh and Jon D. Emery

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:373

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  36. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the dominant histologic type of oral cancer. Locally advanced OSCC remains a major therapeutic challenge. Our study aimed to develop and validate nomograms predicting sur...

    Authors: Zhiliang Nie, Pengcheng Zhao, Yishan Shang and Bo Sun

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:372

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  37. Nodular (NM) and superficial spreading melanoma (SSM) show different disease trajectories, with more rapid development in NM and fewer opportunities for early detection often resulting in worse outcomes. Our s...

    Authors: Adina Coroiu, Chelsea Moran, Jessica A. Davine, Kyla Brophy, Catherine Bergeron, Hensin Tsao, Annett Körner, Susan M. Swetter and Alan C. Geller

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:371

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  38. The abundance of immune and stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) is informative of levels of inflammation, angiogenesis, and desmoplasia. Radiomics, an approach of extracting quantitative features...

    Authors: Dooman Arefan, Ryan M. Hausler, Jules H. Sumkin, Min Sun and Shandong Wu

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:370

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  39. Germline RET mutations and variants are involved in development of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN2). The present study investigated a spectrum of RET variants, analyzed genotype-phenotype relationships,...

    Authors: Xiao-Ping Qi, Jian-Qiang Zhao, Xu-Dong Fang, Bi-Jun Lian, Feng Li, Hui-Hong Wang, Zhi-Lie Cao, Wei-Hui Zheng, Juan Cao and Yu Chen

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:369

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  41. An important mechanism that promoter methylation-mediated gene silencing for gene inactivation is identified in human tumorigenesis. Methylated genes have been found in breast cancer (BC) and beneficial biomar...

    Authors: Zhao Liu, Jiaxin Liu, Ruimiao Liu, Man Xue, Weifan Zhang, Xinhui Zhao, Jiang Zhu and Peng Xia

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:367

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  42. Given their widespread availability and relatively low cost, percutaneous thermal ablation is commonly performed under the guidance of computed tomography (CT) or ultrasound (US). However, such imaging modalit...

    Authors: Zhaonan Li, Chaoyan Wang, Guangyan Si, Xueliang Zhou, Yahua Li, Jing Li, Dechao Jiao and Xinwei Han

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:366

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  43. An estimated 40% of cancer cases in the UK in 2015 were attributable to cancer risk behaviours. Tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity, and unprotected sexual intercourse are known causes of cancer and ...

    Authors: Caroline Wright, Jon Heron, Ruth Kipping, Matthew Hickman, Rona Campbell and Richard M. Martin

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:365

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  44. The intimate relationship between coagulation and fibrinolysis in malignant tumors is a well-known phenomena, with the malignant phenotype enhancing coagulation and fibrinolysis. We hypothesized that soft tiss...

    Authors: Kunihiro Asanuma, Tomoki Nakamura, Tomohito Hagi, Takayuki Okamoto, Kouji Kita, Koichi Nakamura, Yumi Matsuyama, Keisuke Yoshida, Yumiko Asanuma and Akihiro Sudo

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:364

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  45. Next generation sequencing (NGS) has been a handy tool in clinical practice, mainly due to its efficiency and cost-effectiveness. It has been widely used in genetic diagnosis of several inherited diseases, and...

    Authors: Amanda Ferreira Vidal, Rafaella Sousa Ferraz, Antonette El-Husny, Caio Santos Silva, Tatiana Vinasco-Sandoval, Leandro Magalhães, Milene Raiol-Moraes, Williams Fernandes Barra, Cynthia Lara Brito Lins Pereira, Paulo Pimentel de Assumpção, Leonardo Miranda de Brito, Ricardo Assunção Vialle, Sidney Santos, Ândrea Ribeiro-dos-Santos and André M. Ribeiro-dos-Santos

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:363

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  46. Hand-foot syndrome (HFS) is a side effect of skin related to pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) application. Moderate to severe hand-foot syndrome (MSHFS) might have a serious impact on patients’ quality of...

    Authors: Guohua Liang, Wenjie Ma, Yanfang Zhao, Eryu Liu, Xiaoyu Shan, Weiwei Ma, Dabei Tang, Liru Li, Xingjian Niu, Wenhui Zhao and Qingyuan Zhang

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:362

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  47. An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

    Authors: Chen-Chen Huang, Fang-Rui Liu, Qiang Feng, Xin-Yan Pan, Shu-Ling Song and Ju-Lun Yang

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:361

    Content type: Correction

    Published on:

    The original article was published in BMC Cancer 2021 21:321

  48. The rate of toxic deaths related to induction chemotherapy in the treatment of locally advanced head and neck cancers is unacceptable and calls into question this therapeutic strategy, which is however highly ...

    Authors: Maureen Bernadach, Michel Lapeyre, Anne-Françoise Dillies, Jessica Miroir, Melanie Casile, Juliette Moreau, Ioana Molnar, Angeline Ginzac, Nathalie Pham-Dang, Nicolas Saroul, Xavier Durando and Julian Biau

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:360

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  49. A classification tree was used to analyze background factors for granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) preparation selection for febrile neutropenia (FN) prophylaxis in Japanese patients with non-Hodgk...

    Authors: Masahiro Yokoyama, Yoshiharu Kusano, Norihito Inoue, Noriko Nishimura, Yuko Mishima, Tomoyuki Nukada, Kiyohiko Hatake and Yasuhito Terui

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:358

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  50. Evidence bearing on the role of statins in the prevention and treatment of cancer is confounded by the diversity of statins, chemotherapeutic agents and cancer types included in the numerous published studies;...

    Authors: Kaitlyn A. Khandelwal Gilman, Seungmin Han, Young-Wook Won and Charles W. Putnam

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2021 21:356

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

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