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Experimental therapeutics and drug development

This section covers all aspects of preclinical investigations on therapeutic agents. It welcomes submissions concerning anti-cancer drug discovery and development, and targeted therapies.

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  1. Current therapies fail to cure over a third of osteosarcoma patients and around three quarters of those with metastatic disease. “Smac mimetics” (also known as “IAP antagonists”) are a new class of anti-cancer...

    Authors: Tanmay M. Shekhar, Ingrid J. G. Burvenich, Michael A. Harris, Angela Rigopoulos, Damien Zanker, Alex Spurling, Belinda S. Parker, Carl R. Walkley, Andrew M. Scott and Christine J. Hawkins

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2019 19:924

    Content type: Research article

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  2. Free flap-mediated gene therapy in the tumor bed following surgical resection is a promising approach in cancer targeted treatment of residual disease. We investigated the selective killing efficacy of a lenti...

    Authors: Jianhua Zhang, Yuanbo Liu, Mengqing Zang, Shan Zhu, Bo Chen, Shanshan Li, Bingjian Xue and Li Yan

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2019 19:921

    Content type: Research article

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  3. Renal cell carcinomas (RCC) harboring a TFE3 gene fusion (TfRCC) represent an aggressive subset of kidney tumors. Key signaling pathways of TfRCC are unknown and preclinical in vivo data are lacking. We investiga...

    Authors: Eric C. Kauffman, Martin Lang, Soroush Rais-Bahrami, Gopal N. Gupta, Darmood Wei, Youfeng Yang, Carole Sourbier and Ramaprasad Srinivasan

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2019 19:917

    Content type: Research article

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  4. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-based T cell therapy is in early clinical trials to target the neuroectodermal tumor, neuroblastoma. No preclinical or clinical efficacy data are available for retinoblastoma to...

    Authors: Lena Andersch, Josefine Radke, Anika Klaus, Silke Schwiebert, Annika Winkler, Elisa Schumann, Laura Grunewald, Felix Zirngibl, Carina Flemmig, Michael C. Jensen, Claudia Rossig, Antonia Joussen, Anton Henssen, Angelika Eggert, Johannes H. Schulte and Annette Künkele

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2019 19:895

    Content type: Research article

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  5. Capacitive-resistive electric transfer (CRET) is a non-invasive therapeutic strategy that applies radiofrequency electric currents within the 400–600 kHz range to tissue repair and regeneration. Previous studi...

    Authors: María Luisa Hernández-Bule, Enrique Medel, Clara Colastra, Raquel Roldán and Alejandro Úbeda

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2019 19:889

    Content type: Research article

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  6. Abrogation of growth factor-dependent signaling represents an effective therapeutic strategy for patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Here we evaluated the effectiveness of targeting the epidermal growth fac...

    Authors: Lena-Christin Conradi, Melanie Spitzner, Anna-Lena Metzger, Merle Kisly, Peter Middel, Hanibal Bohnenberger, Jochen Gaedcke, Michael B. Ghadimi, Torsten Liersch, Joseph Rüschoff, Tim Beißbarth, Alexander König and Marian Grade

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2019 19:880

    Content type: Research article

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  8. Bronchial carcinoids are neuroendocrine tumors that present as typical (TC) and atypical (AC) variants, the latter being more aggressive, invasive and metastatic. Studies of tumor initiating cell (TIC) biology...

    Authors: Reza Bayat Mokhtari, Narges Baluch, Evgeniya Morgatskaya, Sushil Kumar, Angelo Sparaneo, Lucia Anna Muscarella, Sheyun Zhao, Hai-Ling Cheng, Bikul Das and Herman Yeger

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2019 19:864

    Content type: Research article

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  9. The activity of MP1, a pyrrolomycin, was studied in MYCN amplified neuroblastoma (NB) alone and combined with temsirolimus (TEM).

    Authors: Timothy R. McGuire, Don W. Coulter, Dachang Bai, Jason A. Sughroue, Jerry Li, Zunhua Yang, Zhen Qiao, Yan Liu, Daryl J. Murry, Yashpal S. Chhonker, Erin M. McIntyre, Gracey Alexander, John G. Sharp and Rongshi Li

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2019 19:837

    Content type: Research article

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  10. Treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in elderly patients remains a great challenge. In this prospective single arm study (ChiCTR-OPC-15006492), we evaluated the efficacy and safety of a novel consolidatio...

    Authors: Xiaoyang Li, Yuexin Dong, Ya Li, Ruibao Ren, Wen Wu, Hongming Zhu, Yunxiang Zhang, Jiong Hu and Junmin Li

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2019 19:819

    Content type: Research article

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  11. Adoptive transfer of immune cells such as T cells and natural killer (NK) cells has emerged as a targeted method of controlling the immune system against cancer. Despite their significant therapeutic potential...

    Authors: Jung-Won Choi, Eui Soo Lee, Se Young Kim, Su Il Park, Sena Oh, Jung Hwa Kang, Hyun Aae Ryu and Seahyoung Lee

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2019 19:817

    Content type: Research article

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  12. To describe the patterns of second-line treatment of patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) after docetaxel treatment in a Spanish population, to identify the factors associated ...

    Authors: Javier Puente, Aranzazu González-del-Alba, Núria Sala-Gonzalez, María José Méndez-Vidal, Alvaro Pinto, Ángel Rodríguez, José Miguel Cuevas Sanz, Jacobo Rodrigo Muñoz del Toro, Eduardo Useros Rodríguez, Ángela García García-Porrero and Sergio Vázquez

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2019 19:766

    Content type: Research article

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  13. MAPK/ERK kinases transmit signals from many growth factors/kinase receptors during normal cell growth/differentiation, and their dysregulation is a hallmark of diverse types of cancers. A plethora of drugs wer...

    Authors: Ning Wang, Yanhua Fan, Chun-Mao Yuan, Jialei Song, Yao Yao, Wuling Liu, Babu Gajendran, Eldad Zacksenhaus, Yanmei Li, Jielin Liu, Xiao Jiang Hao and Yaacov Ben-David

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2019 19:764

    Content type: Research article

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  14. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most severe type of primary brain tumor with a high mortality rate. Although extensive treatments for GBM, including resection, irradiation, chemotherapy and immunotherapy,...

    Authors: Jui-Chieh Chen, I-Neng Lee, Cheng Huang, Yu-Ping Wu, Chiu-Yen Chung, Ming-Hsueh Lee, Martin Hsiu-Chu Lin and Jen-Tsung Yang

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2019 19:756

    Content type: Research article

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  15. Genipin is a compound derived from gardenia fruit extract. Although Genipin has anti-tumor effects in various cancers, its effect and mechanism in gastric cancer remain unclear. Here, we investigated the relat...

    Authors: Min Jee Jo, Soyeon Jeong, Hye Kyeong Yun, Dae Yeong Kim, Bo Ram Kim, Jung Lim Kim, Yoo Jin Na, Seong Hye Park, Yoon A. Jeong, Bu Gyeom Kim, Hassan Ashktorab, Duane T. Smoot, Jun Young Heo, Jeongsu Han, Dae-Hee Lee and Sang Cheul Oh

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2019 19:739

    Content type: Research article

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  16. Soft tissue sarcoma (STS) comprises a family of rare, heterogeneous tumors of mesenchymal origin. Single-agent doxorubicin remains the first-line standard-of-care treatment for advanced and inoperable STS, but...

    Authors: Jasmien Cornillie, Agnieszka Wozniak, Britt Van Renterghem, Nathalie Van Winkel, Jasmien Wellens, Yemarshet K. Gebreyohannes, Maria Debiec-Rychter, Raf Sciot, Daphne Hompes and Patrick Schöffski

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2019 19:724

    Content type: Research article

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  17. Multiple myeloma (MM), characterized by cancerous proliferation of plasmablasts (PB) and plasma cells (PC), remains incurable in many patients. Differentially expressed molecules between MM PCs and healthy PCs...

    Authors: Ying Fang, Ruonan Xu, Bing Zhai, Chunmei Hou, Ning Ma, Liang Wang, Gencheng Han, Zhenyu Jiang and Renxi Wang

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2019 19:700

    Content type: Research article

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  18. While multiagent chemotherapy has dramatically improved the prognosis of sarcoma, the novel chemotherapeutics have hardly developed over the past 30 years. Caffeine can induce apoptosis, delays in cell cycle p...

    Authors: Kensaku Abe, Norio Yamamoto, Katsuhiro Hayashi, Akihiko Takeuchi and Hiroyuki Tsuchiya

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2019 19:689

    Content type: Research article

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  19. Metastasis is a leading cause of breast cancer mortality. The induction of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and complex oncogenic signaling is a vital step in the evolution of highly metastatic and t...

    Authors: Jia-Hong Chen, Wen-Chien Huang, Oluwaseun Adebayo Bamodu, Peter Mu-Hsin Chang, Tsu-Yi Chao and Tse-Hung Huang

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2019 19:634

    Content type: Research article

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  20. Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is a devastating sequela associated with cancer. Talc pleurodesis is a common treatment strategy for MPE but has been estimated to be unsuccessful in up to 20–50% of patients. ...

    Authors: Tim N. Beck, Alexander Y. Deneka, Louis Chai, Colin Kanach, Priya Johal, Nicolas J. Alvarez, Yanis Boumber, Erica A. Golemis and Glenn W. Laub

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2019 19:614

    Content type: Research article

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  21. Podoplanin (PDPN), a transmembrane O-glycoprotein, is up-regulated in many tumors and is involved in tumor metastasis and malignant progression. In previous studies, we generated a functional blocking monoclonal ...

    Authors: Mengqiao Xu, Xia Wang, Yanfang Pan, Xingpeng Zhao, Bin Yan, Changgeng Ruan, Lijun Xia and Yiming Zhao

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2019 19:599

    Content type: Research article

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  22. Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy. Some advanced disease is, or becomes, resistant to radioactive iodine therapy (refractory disease); this holds poor prognosis of 10% 10-year overall surv...

    Authors: Sarah R. Brown, Andrew Hall, Hannah L. Buckley, Louise Flanagan, David Gonzalez de Castro, Kate Farnell, Laura Moss, Rebecca Gregory, Kate Newbold, Yong Du, Glenn Flux and Jonathan Wadsley

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2019 19:582

    Content type: Study protocol

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  23. Molecular markers predicting survival in esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) are rare. Specifically, in favorable oncologic situations, e.g. nodal negativity or major neoadjuvant therapy response, there is a lack ...

    Authors: Lars M. Schiffmann, Heike Göbel, Heike Löser, Fabian Schorn, Jan Paul Werthenbach, Hans F. Fuchs, Patrick S. Plum, Marc Bludau, Thomas Zander, Wolfgang Schröder, Christiane J. Bruns, Hamid Kashkar, Alexander Quaas and Florian Gebauer

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2019 19:531

    Content type: Research article

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  24. The phase III EMILIA and TH3RESA trials demonstrated clinical benefits of trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) therapy in patients with previously treated HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Data from these...

    Authors: Edith A. Perez, Sanne Lysbet de Haas, Wolfgang Eiermann, Carlos H. Barrios, Masakazu Toi, Young-Hyuck Im, Pier Franco Conte, Miguel Martin, Tadeusz Pienkowski, Xavier B. Pivot, Howard A. Burris III, Sven Stanzel, Monika Patre and Paul Anthony Ellis

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2019 19:517

    Content type: Research article

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    The Correction to this article has been published in BMC Cancer 2019 19:620

  25. Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) is a peripheral T-cell malignancy caused by long-term human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-1) infection. Survivin-responsive, conditionally replicating adenoviruses reg...

    Authors: Shinsuke Suzuki, Hiroki Kofune, Kimiharu Uozumi, Makoto Yoshimitsu, Naomichi Arima, Kenji Ishitsuka, Shin-ichi Ueno and Ken-ichiro Kosai

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2019 19:516

    Content type: Research article

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  27. Liposarcoma (LPS) is a tumor derived from adipose tissue, and has the highest incidence among soft tissue sarcomas. Dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS) is a malignant tumor with poor prognosis. Recurrence and...

    Authors: Eun Byeol Jo, Young Sang Lee, Hyunjoo Lee, Jae Berm Park, Hyojun Park, Yoon-La Choi, Doopyo Hong and Sung Joo Kim

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2019 19:496

    Content type: Research article

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  28. Testosterone suppression is the standard treatment for advanced prostate cancer, and it is associated with side-effects that impair patients’ quality of life, like sexual dysfunction, osteoporosis, weight gain...

    Authors: Gustavo Werutsky, Fernando Cotait Maluf, Eduardo Henrique Cronemberger, Vinicius Carrera Souza, Suelen Patricia dos Santos Martins, Fábio Peixoto, Oren Smaletz, Fábio Schutz, Daniel Herchenhorn, Telma Santos, Flavio Mavignier Carcano, David Queiroz Muniz, Paulo R. S. Nunes Filho, Facundo Zaffaroni, Carlos Barrios and André Fay

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2019 19:487

    Content type: Study protocol

    Published on:

  30. While recent years have seen a revolution in the treatment of metastatic cutaneous melanoma, no treatment has yet been able to demonstrate any prolonged survival in metastatic uveal melanoma. Thus, metastatic ...

    Authors: Henrik Jespersen, Roger Olofsson Bagge, Gustav Ullenhag, Ana Carneiro, Hildur Helgadottir, Ingrid Ljuslinder, Max Levin, Charlotta All-Eriksson, Bengt Andersson, Ulrika Stierner, Lisa M. Nilsson, Jonas A. Nilsson and Lars Ny

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2019 19:415

    Content type: Study protocol

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  31. Previous work in our laboratory demonstrated that antiprogestin mifepristone impairs the growth and adhesion of highly metastatic cancer cells, and causes changes in their cellular morphology. In this study, w...

    Authors: Sabrina J. Ritch, BreeAnn N. Brandhagen, Alicia A. Goyeneche and Carlos M. Telleria

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2019 19:376

    Content type: Technical advance

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  32. Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) represents one of the most common malignancies worldwide with a high mortality rate mainly due to lack of early detection markers, frequent association with metast...

    Authors: Subhayan Sur, Hiroshi Nakanishi, Robert Steele and Ratna B. Ray

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2019 19:354

    Content type: Research article

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  33. Optimising breast cancer treatment remains a challenge. Resistance to therapy is a major problem in both ER- and ER+ breast cancer. Tumour recurrence after chemotherapy and/or targeted therapy leads to more ag...

    Authors: Lana McClements, Stephanie Annett, Anita Yakkundi, Martin O’Rourke, Andrea Valentine, Nermeen Moustafa, Abdelrahim Alqudah, Bruno M. Simões, Fiona Furlong, Amy Short, Stuart A. McIntosh, Helen O. McCarthy, Robert B. Clarke and Tracy Robson

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2019 19:351

    Content type: Research article

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  34. The exact signalling mechanism of the mTOR complex remains a subject of constant debate, even with some evidence that amino acids participate in the same pathway as used for insulin signalling during protein s...

    Authors: Bread Cruz, André Oliveira, Gislaine Ventrucci and Maria Cristina Cintra Gomes-Marcondes

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2019 19:349

    Content type: Research article

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  35. Most tumor cells show aberrantly activated Akt which leads to increased cell survival and resistance to cancer radiotherapy. Therefore, targeting Akt can be a promising strategy for radiosensitization. Here, w...

    Authors: Cholpon S. Djuzenova, Vanessa Fiedler, Simon Memmel, Astrid Katzer, Dmitri Sisario, Philippa K. Brosch, Alexander Göhrung, Svenja Frister, Heiko Zimmermann, Michael Flentje and Vladimir L. Sukhorukov

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2019 19:299

    Content type: Research article

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  36. With poor prognosis and limited treatment options for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), development of novel therapeutic agents is urgently needed. This single-arm phase I study sought to assess the saf...

    Authors: Ying Fan, Shu Li, Xiaoyan Ding, Jian Yue, Jun Jiang, Hong Zhao, Rui Hao, Weiliang Qiu, Kezhen Liu, Ying Li, Shengdian Wang, Limin Zheng, Bin Ye, Kun Meng and Binghe Xu

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2019 19:279

    Content type: Research article

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  37. Codrituzumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody against Glypican-3 (GPC3), which is expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), was tested in a randomized phase II trial in advanced HCC patients who had failed ...

    Authors: Melanie F. Pradier, Bernhard Reis, Lori Jukofsky, Francesca Milletti, Toshihiko Ohtomo, Fernando Perez-Cruz and Oscar Puig

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2019 19:278

    Content type: Research article

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  38. Recent advances in the treatment of melanoma that involve immunotherapy and B-Raf inhibition have revolutionised cancer care for this disease. However, an un-met clinical need remains in B-Raf inhibitor resist...

    Authors: Connor M. Blair, Nicola M. Walsh, Bruce H. Littman, Frank W. Marcoux and George S. Baillie

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2019 19:266

    Content type: Research article

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  39. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) may be one of the reasons for the failure in some clinical trials regarding histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs)-treated solid tumors. We investigated the effects of ...

    Authors: Zhihua Shen, Xiaomin Liao, Zhongming Shao, Muyin Feng, Jianling Yuan, Sisi Wang, Siyuan Gan, Yanping Ha, Zhiwei He and Wei Jie

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2019 19:262

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  40. Garlic has been used for centuries for its flavour and health promoting properties that include protection against cancer. The vinyl disulfide-sulfoxide ajoene is one of the phytochemicals found in crushed clo...

    Authors: Catherine H. Kaschula, Rosanna Tuveri, Ellen Ngarande, Kevin Dzobo, Christopher Barnett, Daniel A. Kusza, Lisa M. Graham, Arieh A. Katz, Mohamed Suhail Rafudeen, M. Iqbal Parker, Roger Hunter and Georgia Schäfer

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2019 19:248

    Content type: Research article

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  41. High-risk neuroblastoma with N-Myc amplification remains a therapeutic challenge in paediatric oncology. Antagonism of pro-death Bcl-2 homology (BH) proteins to pro-survival BH members such as Mcl-1 and Bcl-2 ...

    Authors: Stefanie Klenke, Neval Akdeli, Patrick Stelmach, Lukas Heukamp, Johannes H. Schulte and Hagen S. Bachmann

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2019 19:243

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  42. Patients with relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) have a poor prognosis, with a 2-year survival rate of 14%. The optimal treatment for these patients...

    Authors: Mengqi Jin, Yongxian Hu, Wenjun Wu, Yi Luo, Yamin Tan, Jian Yu, Aiyun Jin, Luxin Yang, He Huang and Guoqing Wei

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2019 19:242

    Content type: Case report

    Published on:

    The Correction to this article has been published in BMC Cancer 2019 19:486

  43. The tumor suppressor protein phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is a key regulator of the PI3K/AKT pathway which is frequently altered in a variety of tumors including a subset of acute B-lymphoblastic leuk...

    Authors: Anna Richter, Catrin Roolf, Mohamed Hamed, Yvonne Saara Gladbach, Sina Sender, Christoph Konkolefski, Gudrun Knübel, Anett Sekora, Georg Fuellen, Brigitte Vollmar, Hugo Murua Escobar and Christian Junghanss

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2019 19:202

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  44. Treatment options for advanced thyroid cancer refractory to standard therapies are limited. The safety and efficacy of pembrolizumab were evaluated in patients with advanced differentiated thyroid cancer expre...

    Authors: Janice M. Mehnert, Andrea Varga, Marcia S. Brose, Rahul R. Aggarwal, Chia-Chi Lin, Amy Prawira, Filippo de Braud, Kenji Tamura, Toshihiko Doi, Sarina A. Piha-Paul, Jill Gilbert, Sanatan Saraf, Pradeep Thanigaimani, Jonathan D. Cheng and Bhumsuk Keam

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2019 19:196

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  45. It has been demonstrated that relatively small variations of the parameters of exposure to extremely low frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MF) can change significantly the outcome of experiments. Hence, either in...

    Authors: Leonardo Makinistian, Eva Marková and Igor Belyaev

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2019 19:188

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  46. MicroRNAs are noncoding RNA molecules of ~ 22 nucleotides with diagnostic and therapeutic action [Curr Drug Targets, 2015. 16(12): p. 1381-403], affecting the expression of mRNAs involved in invasion, migratio...

    Authors: Olga D’Almeida, Omar Mothar, Esther Apraku Bondzie, Yolande Lieumo, Laure Tagne, Sumeet Gupta, Thomas Volkert, Stuart Levine and Jean-Bosco Tagne

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2019 19:136

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  47. Treatment with recombinant human granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) is accepted standard for prevention of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia. RGB-02 (Gedeon Richter) is a proposed biosimilar to pegyl...

    Authors: Zsuzsanna Kahan, Daniela Grecea, Martin Smakal, Sergei Tjulandin, Igor Bondarenko, Luca Perjesi, Andras Illes, Karoly Horvat-Karajz and Ildiko Aradi

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2019 19:122

    Content type: Research article

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  48. Due to the lack of effective therapies and poor prognosis in TNBC (triple-negative breast cancer) patients, there is a strong need to develop effective novel targeted therapies for this subtype of breast cance...

    Authors: Nuramalina H. Mumin, Neele Drobnitzky, Agata Patel, Luiza Madia Lourenco, Fiona F. Cahill, Yanyan Jiang, Anthony Kong and Anderson J. Ryan

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2019 19:102

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  49. Synthetic indolyl- pyridinyl- propenones (IPPs) induce methuosis, a form of non-apoptotic cell death, in glioblastoma and other cancer cell lines. Methuosis is characterized by accumulation of cytoplasmic vacu...

    Authors: Zehui Li, Nneka E. Mbah, Jean H. Overmeyer, Jeffrey G. Sarver, Sage George, Christopher J. Trabbic, Paul W. Erhardt and William A. Maltese

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2019 19:77

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  50. To date, the cornerstone of treatment in patients with advanced or metastatic cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is systemic chemotherapy based on a combination of gemcitabine and a platinum derivative. Other therapeuti...

    Authors: Markus Moehler, Annett Maderer, Anne Ehrlich, Friedrich Foerster, Arno Schad, Tanja Nickolay, Christian Ruckes, Arndt Weinmann, Visvakanth Sivanathan, Jens U. Marquardt, Peter Robert Galle, Marcus Woerns and Thomas Thomaidis

    Citation: BMC Cancer 2019 19:55

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

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